Fiber Optic for Internet Networks and Types , A computer network is a relationship of two or more computers that are interrelated and have the same purpose. To connect these computers, it takes several tools and materials in the form of hardware, software and brandware.
Fiber Optic for Internet Networks and Types
Below are some Network Tools, namely
1. Network Cable
To determine the type of network cable, it depends on the type of network you want to create. There are 3 types of network cables that are commonly used:
- UTP cable or Unshelded Twister Pair is commonly used for this type of LAN network.
- Coaxial Cable. This type of cable is used for BUS Topology networks
- Fiber Optic Cable is a cable that is used in large-scale networks, such as cross-city, cross-island and cross-country.
1. Switch or Hub
The switch is used as a concentrator that connects all network devices and becomes a data transmission center. As a liaison from one network device to another network device. Like connecting one computer to another computer, connecting a client computer to a server computer and others.
2. Repeaters
A repeater is a network device that is used to amplify the signal in order to further expedite the data communication process if the distance connected is quite far.
3. Routers
Routers are used as regulators and network dividers, or commonly referred to as regulators of data transmission lines on the network.
In this article we will discuss specifically Fiber Optic Cables.
Understanding Fiber Optic
Optical Fiber, is a long and thin strand of carefully drawn glass with the diameter of a human hair so it is called Optical Fiber. These strands are arranged in bundles called optical cables.
Optical fiber transmits data by light to a receiver, where the light signal is interpreted as data. Therefore, optical fiber is actually a transmission medium for delivering signals over long distances at very high speeds.
Also Read Fiber Optic Internet
Types of Optical Fiber
1. Single Mode Optical Fiber
Single mode optical fiber is the simplest structure. It contains a very thin core, and all signals travel straight to the center without bouncing around the edges. Single mode fiber optics are typically used for CATV, Internet, and telephony applications, where the signal is carried by single mode fiber wrapped into a single bundle.
2. Multimode Optical Fiber
The core diameter of multimode optical fiber is much larger than that of single mode. As a result, multimode is also propagated.
The core in graded multimode optical fiber has a refractive index that decreases radially continuously from the center to the cladding interface. As a result, light travels faster at the edges of the core than in the center. The different modes run on curvy paths with almost the same travel time. This greatly reduces the modal dispersion in the fiber.
Also Read Fiber Optic Under the Sea
As a result, stratified index fiber has a significantly greater bandwidth than step index fiber, but still remains significantly lower than single mode fiber. Typical core diameters of graded index fibers are 50, 62.5, and 100 m. The main application for graded index fiber is in medium-distance communications, such as local area networks.
Fiber Optic Components
1. Core Part (core)
The core that carries light, is the smallest part of the optical fiber. Fiber optic centers are usually made of glass, although some are made of plastic. The glass used in the core is extremely pure silicon dioxide (SiO2), a material so clear that users can see up to 5 miles away as if you were looking through a house window.
In the manufacturing process, dopants such as germany, phosphorus pentoxide, or alumina are used to increase the refractive index under controlled conditions.
Fiber optic cores are manufactured in different diameters for different applications. Regular glass cores range from as small as 3.7µm to 200µm. Core sizes commonly used in telecommunications are 9µm, 50µm and 62.5µm. Plastic fiber optic cores can be much larger than glass. The famous plastic core size is 980µm.
2. Cladding Section
The cladding surrounds the core and provides a lower index of refraction for performing fiber optic work. When a glass cladding is used, the cladding and core are made together from the same silicon dioxide based material in a permanently fused state. The creation process adds another dopant intensity to the core and cladding to fortify the difference in refractive index between them of about 1%.
The paradigmatic core may have a refractive index of 1.49 at 1300nm whereas the cladding may have a refractive index of 1.47. These numbers, however, depend on the frequency range. Cores of the same fiber will have different refractive indices at different flow lengths.
Like the core, the cladding is made with standard diameters. The two most commonly used diameters are 125µm and 140µm. 125µm cladding typically supports 9µm, 50µm, 62.5µm and 85µm core sizes. A 140µm cladding typically has a 100µm core.
3. Coating/Buffer Section
The coating part is the protective layer of the optical fiber. The coating absorbs shocks, scratches, scrapes and even moisture that can damage the cladding. Without a coating, optical fiber is very fragile. A single microscopic nick in the cladding can cause the optical fiber to break when bent. Coatings are essential for all glass fibres, and they are not sold without them.
This layer is only protective. It does not contribute to the light-carrying ability of the optical fiber in any way. The outer diameter of the coating is usually 250µm or 500µm. Generally, the coating is colorless. However, in some applications, the coating is colored, so that individual optical fibers within a group of optical fibers can be identified.
4. Strength Member & Outer Jacket Bagian
This layer is a very important part because it becomes the main protection of a fiber optic cable. The layer of strength member and outer jacket is the outermost part of the optical fiber that protects the center of the cable from various direct physical disturbances.
How Fiber Optic Works
Light propagates through fiber optic cables by bouncing off the walls of the cable repeatedly. Each part of the light is reflected to the bottom of the pipe in a continuous inner mirror-like reflection.
The light beam travels down the cable core. The core is the center of the cable and glass structure. Cladding another layer of glass wrapped around the core. Cladding to treat light signals within the core.
Advantages of Fiber Optic
- Optical fiber is generally higher capacity. The amount of network bandwidth that fiber cables can smoothly exceed copper cables of the same thickness. Fiber cables rated at 10 Gbps , 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps are standard.
- Since light can travel longer distances through fiber cables without losing its strength, the need for a signal amplifier is reduced.
- Fiber optic cable is less prone to interference. Copper network cables require shielding to protect them from electromagnetic interference. While these supports are helpful, they are not sufficient to prevent interference when multiple cables are strung close to each other. The physical specifics of fiber optic cables outweigh most of these problems.
Disadvantages of Fiber Optic
- Installation and maintenance costs tend to be more expensive than other cable types
- Requires a strong light source
- Cables must be installed with a turning path to maximize the speed and smoothness of light transmission
Thus Fiber Optic For Internet Networks and Types, Understanding Fiber Optic, you can also read Optical Fiber under the sea at the link above, hopefully it will be useful.
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